A behaviour-based approach to improving food hygiene practices: Application to the street food sector in Ecuador

Street food is an important source of nutrition and employment worldwide, yet it poses significant food safety risks. In Ecuador, despite its cultural and economic importance, street food is often linked to foodborne illnesses due to unhygienic practices. This thesis explored the causes of food safety issues among vendors, assessing their knowledge, hygiene behaviour, and perceptions of infrastructure. Surveys and interviews revealed gaps in personal hygiene and simultaneous handling of food and money, alongside deficiencies in waste management and pest control services. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study identified subjective norms as the strongest predictor of vendors’ intentions to follow hygiene practices, though observed behaviour often fell short. A tailored training program improved knowledge, attitudes, and perceived behavioural control, but sustaining change requires institutional and environmental support. Stakeholder analysis highlighted municipalities as key actors, though collaboration remained fragmented. The thesis advocates for a multi-layered approach that combines teaching, improved facilities, and consistent rule-following to protect public health.