In nature-inclusive livestock farming, farmers, nature and the environment are partners

In arable farming, there is a lot of interest in experiments involving growing a larger number of different crops in (narrow) adjacent strips. This strip cropping has a beneficial effect on the diversity of insects and soil organisms, and this is expected to make crops less susceptible to infestations by fungi and plant diseases. By making smart use of residual flows and manure from livestock farming in these cultivation systems, arable farming and livestock farming reinforce each other. Nature thus helps produce food involving less use of plant protection products and with a closed nutrient cycle. 

In some regions, such an area-based approach will lead to a focus on nature-inclusive livestock farming; a more extensive form of livestock farming with more biodiversity and a better balance with the environment. This requires different livestock and thus an appropriate breeding strategy that matches regional cultivation and cycles.

The diversity of nature-inclusive management systems in dairy farming provides opportunities to encourage the use of Dutch dual-purpose breeds. Recently, our researchers studied which type of cow is most suitable for nature-inclusive farming, with a particular focus on Dutch dual-purpose breeds such as the MRIJ, Friesian-Hollands cattle and the Groninger Blaarkop. Although declining in numbers, Dutch dual-purpose breeds seem to suit extensive, nature-inclusive operational management. Farmers describe these cows as robust, self-reliant and good at utilising grass and forage. Properties that fit well with the principles of nature-inclusive agriculture.

After an extensive data and pedigree analysis of nearly 500 dairy farms, the researchers have concluded that there is no 'best breed' for nature-inclusive livestock farming. It depends on the type of farm, diet composition and the specific goals of the farmer. However, Dutch dual-purpose breeds do offer clear starting points for future-proof dairy farming, in which biodiversity and food production go hand in hand. The use of dual-purpose breeds in nature-inclusive systems can give these breeds new perspective. Cooperation between farmers, breeders and organisations is essential here.

Another form of agriculture that can contribute to biodiversity and soil fertility is agroforestry, a system that combines trees and shrubs with agricultural crops or livestock. Through our research, we already know many factors to consider in the design, such as soil type, scale level and intended management. In the Netherlands, we also classify food forests under agroforestry. 

Combining trees with agriculture or animal husbandry on one plot is a very old system. In recent years, such Agroforestry has been back in the spotlight. It strengthens the above and below-ground resilience of farming systems and boosts biodiversity. Agroforestry also has the potential to make a positive contribution towards resolving many societal challenges facing the Netherlands, such as climate change, water shortage or excess, the nitrogen problem and declining biodiversity:

•    Producing food, fodder and biomass
•    Efficient use of ecological resources (water, light and nutrients)
•    Climate mitigation and adaptation (including through CO2 sequestration)
•    Shelter and additional feed value for livestock
•    Economic resilience of the agricultural business through risk diversification
•    A recreationally attractive landscape.

Researchers at Wageningen University & Research from different disciplines are investigating how best to exploit this potential.

Systems in balance with nature have the future. They are more resilient, good for the farmer, good for biodiversity and good for us.